Dr. Ferran J. García

Washington (Estados Unidos), 12 enero 2006 (Universidad Georgetown)

A menudo los pacientes que padecen Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica deben enfrentarse no sólo a las consecuencias de esta enfermedad altamente incapacitantes sino también a la incomprensión de sus familiares e, incluso, de sus médicos. La ausencia de pruebas clínicas que demuestren objetivamente la presencia de una enfermedad provoca que, en ocasiones, sean considerados enfermos imaginarios.

Ahora, un estudio llevado a cabo por investigadores de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Georgetown aporta evidencias de que el síndrome de fatiga crónica es una enfermedad. Así, el equipo liderado por James Baraniuk, profesor del citado centro, ha encontrado que esta patología está ligada a ciertas anomalías neurológicas que pueden ser detectadas con determinadas pruebas médicas.

Aunque la muestra estudiada es pequeña, esta investigación proporciona pruebas objetivas y fisiológicas de que este polémico trastorno es una enfermedad legítima. Dentro del concepto de fatiga crónica se engloban diversas patologías, como la fibromialgia o el síndrome de la guerra del golfo, cuyo principal síntoma es el cansancio crónico.

El estudio de la Universidad de Georgetown revela que los pacientes diagnosticados de Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica poseen un tipo de proteínas en el líquido de la médula espinal que no han sido halladas en los individuos sanos. Estas proteínas pueden ser la causa de la enfermedad y, en un futuro, podrían emplearse como marcadores para su diagnóstico.

El estudio examinó a 50 individuos que sufrían, al menos, dos desordenes relacionados con el Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica, incluida la fibromialgia y el síndrome de la Guerra del Golfo. Tras examinar su líquido espinal, los investigadores encontraron 16 proteínas que estaban presentes en todos los pacientes enfermos, pero que no en los individuos sanos. Los resultados indican que estas 16 proteínas podrían servir como biomarcadores para diagnosticar, en un futuro, el Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica  

Research Provides More Evidence That Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Is A Legitimate Medical Condition

Syndrome Linked to Neurological Abnormalities

Washington, DC -- Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have found that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) may be rooted in distinct neurological abnormalities that can be medically tested. Although the sample studied was small, this research provides objective, physiological evidence that the controversial disorder can be considered a legitimate medical condition.

Chronic fatigue syndrome defines a range of illnesses including fibromyalgia and Gulf War syndrome, all of which have fatigue as a major symptom. Even among medical professionals, there is a disagreement about the causes, diagnosis and treatment of CFS because so much about the disorder remains unknown. One reason CFS is difficult to diagnose is because it shares symptoms with many other diseases, including multiple sclerosis and lupus. Even when other illnesses are ruled out and a CFS diagnosis is given, there is not a standardized course of treatment and it’s difficult for doctors to measure patient improvement. Estimates are that two to four times as many women as men are diagnosed with CFS.

The Georgetown study, published in the December edition of the BMC Neurology Journal, an online publication, reveals that patients diagnosed with CFS and its family of illnesses have a set of proteins in their spinal cord fluid that were not detected in healthy individuals. These proteins might give insight into the causes of CFS and could someday be used as markers to diagnose patients with the disorder.

"For years, patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have suffered from painful symptoms for which there is no blood test, diagnosable physical condition or any method for doctors to measure improvement," said James Baraniuk, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center and first author on the study. "Our research provides initial evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome and its family of illnesses may be legitimate, neurological diseases and that at least part of the pathology involves the central nervous system."

The disorder is characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and that may get worse with physical or mental activity, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Persons with CFS usually function at a lower level of activity than they were capable of before the onset of illness, feeling too tired to perform normal activities or easily exhausted with no apparent reason. Patients also report various nonspecific symptoms, including weakness, muscle pain, impaired memory and/or mental concentration, insomnia and post-exertional fatigue lasting more than 24 hours.

The study looked at 50 individuals suffering from at least two disorders related to CFS, including fibromyalgia and Gulf War syndrome. By examining spinal cord fluid in patients with CFS and in healthy individuals, the researchers found that CFS patients have 16 proteins that healthy individuals do not. Five of these 16 proteins are found in all patients with the illnesses but in none of the controls. The results indicate that those 16 proteins could possibly serve as a "biosignature" for the disease and could someday be used to diagnose CFS.

"Although this is a small study and more research on the subject is necessary, these results indicate it might be possible to develop a simple laboratory test to diagnose these disorders in the future," Baraniuk said.

Other co-authors on the paper include Begona Casado, PhD, and Hilda Maibach, MS, of Georgetown University Medical Center; Daniel J. Clauw, MD, of the University of Michigan; and Lewis K. Pannell, PhD, of the University of South Alabama, Mobile; and Sonja Hess, PhD, of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

About Georgetown University Medical Center
Georgetown University Medical Center is an internationally recognized academic medical center with a three-part mission of research, teaching and patient care (through our partnership with MedStar Health). Our mission is carried out with a strong emphasis on public service and a dedication to the Catholic, Jesuit principle of cura personalis -- or "care of the whole person." The Medical Center includes the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing and Health Studies, both nationally ranked, the world-renowned Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Biomedical Graduate Research Organization (BGRO.)